It is in this family that the largest number of commercial or experimental systems exist. Leucocyte- and PRP (L-PRP) products are preparations with leucocytes and with a low-density fibrin network after activation. Pure Platelet-Rich Plasma (P-PRP) or leucocyte-poor PRP products are preparations without leucocytes and with a low-density fibrin network after activation. (2009), four main families of preparations can be defined, depending on their cell content and fibrin architecture. It is very difficult to sort and interpret the available data, due to a large number of preparation techniques, terminologies, forms of these materials, and the endless list of potential applications.Īccording to the classification proposed by Ehrenfest et al. The literature on PRP is considerable, but the published results are often contradictory. This signifies the fact that a PRP platelet count 1 million/mL has become the working definition for therapeutic PRP and also reasons out the criticism on not getting the expected best results of PRP, which might be due to lower concentrations of platelets. The authors found that the stimulation for proliferation of endothelial cells peak at 1.25 × 10 6 and angiogenesis at 1.5 × 10 6 platelets/mL, respectively. The proliferation of endothelial cells and its migration and the invasion of endothelial cells occurred in a bell-shaped manner. studied the relationship between the concentration of platelets in platelet gel and changes in the functional activity of human endothelial cells.
There is a scarcity of studies stating the concentration at which optimal stimulation occurs. Marx proposed that platelet count of 10 lakh/ml in 5 mL of PRP, as a working definition of PRP, based on the scientific proof of bone and soft tissue healing enhancement. The active secretion of these growth factors by platelets begins within 10 min after activation, with more than 95% of the pre-synthesized growth factors secreted within 1 h.
thus provoking tissue repair and tissue regeneration. These agonists bound transmembrane receptors then activate an intracellular signal protein that causes the expression of a gene sequence that directs cellular proliferation, matrix formation, osteoid production, collagen synthesis etc. The active proteins are then secreted, binding to transmembrane receptors of target cells, which include mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and epidermal cells.
PDGF, TGF-β etc.) are transformed to a bioactive state by the addition of histones and carbohydrate side chains. Activation causes the granules present in platelets to fuse to its cell membrane (also called degranulation) where the secretory proteins (e.g.
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